Gametogenic development and spawning of the razor clam,Zenatia acinaces in northeastern New Zealand     

P. E. Gribben 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(6):1287-1296

The potential exists for New Zealand to exploit already established markets for razor clams through development of fisheries or aquaculture industries for the New Zealand razor clam, Zenatia acinaces. However, fishery or aquaculture development for Z. acinaces requires an understanding of the reproductive cycle including the timing of gametogenic development and spawning. The reproductive cycle of Z. acinaces was studied over an 11‐month period from May 2000 to March 2001 at Kennedy Bay, Coromandel Peninsula, using qualitative standard histological analysis and quantitative measures of oocytes. Histological analysis indicated that Z. acinaces is dioecious and gametogenic development was synchronous between the sexes. Gametogenesis began in June with gametes maturing quickly and by August/September (late winter/ early spring) most razor clams were ripe. Spawning began as early as September (spring) although spawning mainly occurred during October. By December (summer), nearly all clams were completely spent. From January 2001 most clams could not be sexed as all residual gametes were resorbed. Razor clams remained in this stage during March 2001. Spawning began when the water temperature was around its lowest, c. 15°C. Monthly mean number of eggs/follicle was sensitive to changes in reproductive development, closely following patterns observed in the qualitative stagings. Patterns of monthly mean oocyte diameters did not adequately describe the spawning events observed in qualitative analyses. Sex ratios were equal over the size range (69–99 mm shell length) of clams that could be sexed. The data presented in this study provide valuable information on the timing of spawning events for Z. acinaces, necessary for developing sustainable management strategies and selecting broodstock for aquaculture.  相似文献   

First encounter with a live male blanket octopus: The world's most sexually size‐dimorphic large animal     

M. D. Norman  D. Paul  J. Finn  T. Tregenza 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):733-736

The first encounter with a live male blanket octopus, Tremoctopus violaceus Chiaie, 1830, illustrates the most extreme example of sexual size‐dimorphism in a non‐microscopic animal. Females attain sizes of up to 2 m long—almost 2 orders of magnitude larger than the 2.4‐cm‐long male. Weight ratios between the sexes are at least 10 000:1 and are likely to reach 40 000:1. Sexual selection and the unique defensive strategy of carrying cnidarian stinging tentacles may both have contributed to the evolution of this extreme size‐dimorphism. Such dimorphism is not seen in any other animal remotely as large.  相似文献   

岩石裂隙可视化渗流装置可行性及试验研究     

刘杰  黎照  杨渝南  张子睿  唐洪宇  高进  申剑 《岩土力学》2020,41(12):4127-4136

自主研发一套能从可视化角度反映岩石单裂隙渗流特征的装置，并以模拟岩石的变形模量为主要技术指标，获得了K39透明类岩石材料的添加剂含量为：促进剂0.8%、硬化剂0.6%、消泡剂0.6%；通过二次翻模精确复刻技术得到原岩裂隙面粗糙度，为研究细微观裂隙渗流提供技术支撑。通过可视化装置与原岩装置模拟试验，得到两者之间的差异性系数，进而推出原岩渗流流量的修正公式，获得了渗流量、渗流面积等能反映原岩性能的相关参数。阐明了K39透明类岩石材料对渗流量的影响效应?总及其影响的内在机制；与以ELE仪器为研究平台的渗流试验进行异同性分析，得到两者渗流量之间存在差异的相对变化系数，证明可视化渗流装置研究岩石裂隙渗流是合理可行的。利用该装置开展空间多角度试验，在耦合粗糙度、渗透压、围压、空间多角度、水自重效应等多因素下，通过渗流面积数字化自识别技术为精确获取岩石渗流特征的相关参数提供基础。  相似文献   

Environmental responses of jellyfish polyps as drivers of medusa populations off the coast of Namibia     

L Ziegler  MJ Gibbons 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(3):323-329

Jellyfish populations in the southeastern Atlantic off the coast of Namibia have increased subsequent to the decline of small pelagic fisheries at the end of the 1960s, although the environment there has also become warmer and the waters off Walvis Bay have become richer in zooplankton in recent years. Laboratory experiments were conducted with the scyphozoan jellyfish Chrysaora fulgida to investigate the effects of food density (0, 30, 70, 100 or 150 Artemia nauplii 200 ml^?1), feeding frequency (once daily or once every third day) and water temperature (12, 16 or 20 °C) on the asexual reproduction, growth and development of polyps. The results of a generalised linear mixed-effects model reveal that all variables impacted asexual reproduction, with greater polyp production attained at higher food concentrations, increased feeding frequencies and increased temperatures. The most common mode of asexual reproduction was by lateral budding. These laboratory results suggest that polyps of C. fulgida may have proliferated off Namibia in recent times, which would contribute to increased numbers of jellyfish there.  相似文献   

Chrysophyte reproduction and resting cysts: A paleolimnologist's primer     

Craig D. Sandgren 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1991,5(1):1-9

Chrysophyte algae produce siliceous resting cysts (stomatocysts) that are becoming an increasingly useful class of paleoecological indicator microfossils. This paper provides a review of the role that stomatocysts play in the life cycle and reproductive ecology of freshwater planktonic chrysophytes. Such information provides paleolimnologists with greater insight into the ecology of the vegetative, planktonic growth phase of species contributing stomatocysts to lacustrine microfossil assemblages. Specific chrysophyte reproductive characteristics discussed include: temporal dynamics of vegetative growth and encystment, cyst induction, cyst survivorship, germination requirements and recruitment strategies. This information serves as an introduction to a special issue of the Journal of Paleolimnology which is dedicated to the Application of Chrysophyte Stomatocysts in Paleolimnology.This is the first in a series of four papers published in this dedicated issue entitled Application of Chrysophyte Stomatocysts in Paleolimnology. Dr. C. D. Sandgren served as guest editor for these papers.  相似文献   

彩色图像复制的加网技术及其应用     

翟琴 《测绘学院学报》1999,(2)

加网技术的变化直接影响彩色图像复制的质量, 作者主要从彩色图像复制的基本原理出发, 论述了调幅加网技术和调频加网技术, 并对两种加网技术作一比较, 分析了调频加网技术在当今时代具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

暗纹东方鲀的人工繁殖   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陈亚芬  陈源高  刘正文 《湖泊科学》1999,(2)

１９９５－１９９７年,以暗纹东方鲀进行人工繁殖,经ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ_２催熟处理,雌鱼的性腺可以发育到Ⅳ期末,性腺发育达到Ⅳ期中以后的雌鱼注射激素能引起正常的排卵反应．试验用的催产药物为 ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ_２、ＨＣＧ和ＰＧ．在水温 １６－２１℃的条件下,效应时间为６－８６ ｈ,平均催产率为８７．５％,平均受精率为 ６１．８％,平均孵化率为 ５１．７％．在水温２０℃时,胚胎发育历时１５４ ｈ孵出  相似文献   

体制与认同：高校地理院系调整的启示     

孙俊  潘玉君  李琳  郭玉珊  和晓江  宋慧仙  段生鑫 《地理研究》2022,41(4):960-979

地理院系调整研究旨在通过对地理学认同产生不利影响的高校地理院系调整的解析,揭示地理学发展存在的学科与体制认同问题。基于对高校地理院系调整的回顾,分析地理院系调整的原因及影响,并结合当前地理院系发展态势阐明其启示。结果显示：学科认同与院系调整互为关联,尽管地理院系调整导致的解体并不表明地理学的终结,一般意义的调整也存在积极影响,但不同类型地理院系调整对地理学（特别是人文地理学）学科认同的不利影响仍然明显,并影响着体制层面的学科再生产。地理院系调整的发生是多因素共同影响的结果,复杂多样的因素及其影响表明地理院系面临竞争,需要地理学者既“正名”（塑造科学性、统一性的学科形象）又“指实”（完整的院系体制建设）;既“向内”（地理院系及地理学家的努力）又“向外”（维护地理学及地理院系的完整性认同）的集体努力,在强化地理学综合性基础上形成“多轨发展”机制,强化地理学学科与体制认同。“跨学科典范”的塑造或许是当前地理院系应努力的现实目标。  相似文献   

新世纪以来中外儿童贩运研究热点与趋势     

周俊俊  李钢  洪丹丹  徐锋  徐嘉辉  于悦  陈曦亮 《热带地理》2022,42(9):1430-1442

以“Web of Science^TM核心合集”和CNKI期刊文献为数据源,运用CiteSpace软件进行文献计量分析,梳理总结了2000年以来国内外儿童贩运的研究热点与趋势。结果发现：1）中外儿童贩运研究的发文量整体呈波动增长态势,美国的发文量位居世界首位,国外研究集中在社会学、心理学、儿科医学、家庭研究与犯罪学等5大领域。国内研究进程相对缓慢,早期研究集中在法学、犯罪学与社会学3大领域,近年来地理学领域快速兴起。2）由于区域环境与国情存在差异,国外儿童贩运包含在人口贩运研究中,更关注以剥削为目的跨国贩运,包括直接剥削与间接剥削2种方式,涉及商业性贩运、童工贩运、人体器官贩运和童婚贩运等多种贩运类型,商业性贩运与性剥削是儿童贩运的主要研究热点;国内拐卖儿童犯罪通常与拐卖妇女合并讨论,聚焦于以收养为目的的省域拐卖,诱骗养子型和家庭操控型是最常见的2种类型,拐卖儿童犯罪的法律政策与社会原因是热点关注话题。3）随着多学科交叉融合的发展,国外儿童贩运的研究主题从贩运类型向儿童被解救后的自杀风险与福祉评估、康复回归与重返社会、儿童保护与贩运防控对策持续拓展;国内拐卖儿童犯罪的研究主题从法律政策与社会原因向时空格局、影响因素、安置回归与社会融入延伸。未来如何将儿童贩运的相关主体（犯罪人、受害人或监护人与其他社会人）与时空环境（社会环境、建成环境及周围人流环境）进行综合贯穿,从犯罪地理学视角探究儿童贩运的地理环境因素与时空活动轨迹的演变,深入解析“时-空-人”三维视角下儿童贩运的发生机制至关重要,以及在实践中如何充分利用现代科技手段追踪和打击儿童贩运,为中外儿童贩运防治与管理贡献力量。  相似文献   

凡纳对虾人工繁殖的初步研究     

刘永 《广东海洋大学学报》2002,22(4):19-23

研究了海水比重的变化对凡纳对虾亲虾人工繁殖活动的影响及换水对亲虾交配率的影响。试验采用剪眼柄、强化培育、控光、换水等技术措施 ,将凡纳对虾培育成熟并使之自然交配产卵 ,孵化出无节幼体 ;亲虾的平均产卵量可达 1 6万粒左右 ,卵的受精孵化率可达 80 %以上。结果表明 :适时换水可将亲虾的交配率从 4 6 %提高到 79% ;凡纳对虾人工繁殖的适宜海水相对密度为 1 0 1 6以上。  相似文献